Children+of+the+Holocaust

=**Children of the Holocaust**=

Janell B.

 * Children went to secret schools.
 * Studied music & crafts.
 * No textbooks, wrote notes.
 * Drew pictures, created diaries, & poems
 * Stayed in rooms that were smelly and were full of bugs.
 * Jews moved often to prevent friend making.
 * The rooms were unheated and always crowded.
 * Children slept on [|three-tiered bunks].
 * There were 2 toilets for 100 children.
 * In winter-washed in snow.
 * In summer-washed once a month.
 * 15,000 children prisoners, only about 1,100 survived.
 * 1.5 million murdered: 1.2 million were Jews, thousands were Gypsy, thousands were handicapped.
 * More than a million slaughtered.
 * 1.5 million were shot, burned alive, & murdered.
 * A quarter of 6 million that were killed, were children.
 * Some were killed immediately.
 * Infants sometimes were killed shortly after birth.
 * Everyone was hungry.
 * Worked and fought for food.
 * Best food was given to children.
 * Food tasted horrible.
 * Coffee in the morning.
 * Boys- trained for war
 * Girls-trained to be strong mothers.
 * Sometimes helped slaughter.
 * Grew-up to reject somethings.
 * Teased, called names, non-Jewish friends turned away, harassed, beaten, banned from activities.
 * Feelings: stunned, bewildered, angry, afraid.
 * Branded a code on child's arm to keep track of them.




 * Kailyn Hoke**


 * hid in convents, boarding schools, orphanages, closets, attics, cellars and sewers
 * traveled with strangers to unknown destinations for survival
 * had to stay quiet and still for weeks or months at a time
 * split into 3 groups: __**1-**__ infants and toddlers up to age 6 __**2-**__ ages 7 to 12 __**3-**__ 13 to 18 years old
 * 15,000 children prisoners, only about 1,100 survived
 * about 1.5 million [|children] murdered
 * infants sent to gas chambers immediately
 * couldn't belong to clubs and organizations
 * couldn't go to public playgrounds or recreational facilities
 * faced starvation, illness, brutal labor, insecurity, isolation, shrinking horizons, vulnerability, fear and danger
 * exposed to malnutrition, disease, overcrowding, exposure and death
 * had medical experiments and suffered permanent physical damage
 * created diaries, poems and drawings while in ghettos and concentration camps
 * older children sent to work as slaves
 * only ate small amounts of food
 * smuggled food into ghettos
 * suffered emotionally from horrible conditions they witnessed and endured
 * were persecuted, arrested and deported no matter their age

Liz Hornberger


 * Living conditions***

-camp conditions were horrible -children had nothing to eat -drank contaminated water -suffered separation from family -stripped of their clothes upon arrival -poor protection from the elements -insufficient shelter


 * Labor***

-hard labor was enforced on children that were old enough and physically fit -labor varied from electrical to carrying large stone slabs for construction to burying the dead -once the children were unable to work they were killed -to ease emotional pain from separation they became friends with fellow inmates


 * Punishments***

-some children were forced to kneel for hours with their faces towards the sun and a rock on their head or bricks in hands -put in a bunker for days (room with out windows) -humiliation: signs on the children -Iined up and beat -line up and every tenth person would be shot -officers hung corpses from the ceiling to keep inmates fearful


 * Children in hiding***

-escaped Nazis wrath by: hiding in concealed closets, holes and sometimes even sewers -hid identities to keep hidden -some children worked and moved from town to town -most children had identification problems after the war -Kindertransport was a program that took children to safety in Great Britain


 * Hitler Youth***

-groups of German children to serve in the Nazis party and to fight in wars


 * Schools***

-German teachers humiliated the Jewish children by pointing out their differences -soon the children lost German friends and lost their right to go to school -the Germans used the schools as a tool to make the Jewish racially inferior


 * Programs***

-Gestapo and Inferior ministries- sterilized the handicapped, Afro-Germans,and Gypsies


 * Liberation***

-few children survived

Sarah Poorman - both Jewish and non-Jewish were in Europe - **1**- those killed immeadiately on arrival in concentration and in killing centers **2**- those killed shortly after birth(870 infants born in Ravensbruck concentration camp, largely to Jewish and Gypsy women) **3**- those few born in ghettos and camps and surviving **4**- children above the age of 10 utilized as prisoners, laborers, and subjects for Nazi medical experiments. -one million Jewish boys and girls were murdered under Nazi rule in Germany and Europe -only a fraction of European Jewish children survived the Holocaust. - the statistics of children that died will never be known. -1.2 million Jewish children, tens of thousands of Gypsy children, thousands of handicapped children were murdered. - seperated into groups by age: **1**-infants and toddlers up to age 6 **2**- young children ages 7 to 12 **3**- adolescents 13-18 years old.
 * Children Of the Holocaust**

- 800 ghettos were formed by the Nazi Germany in eastern Europe to isolate and control Jew Pop. - many children and babies died in these ghettos due to lack of food, clothing, and shelter. - also because of unsanitary and over croweded conditions that spread disease. -children in the ghettos were considered useless for productive activity by the Nazis. - nearly 200 children from Warsaw Ghetto were killed on the transport to Treblinka which is an extermination camp. -Jewish children were the first victims when the Germans went to shoot them or send them to an extermination camp. - Auschwitz and other extermination camps children were sent to their deaths in poison gas chambers. - # of children mostly twins were used in Nazi pseudoscientific medical experiments and suffered permanent damage. -many Jewish children learned how to survive -many youth movements were involved in resistance activities and participated in escapes to join partisan fighters. -smuggled food into the ghettos
 * Children in the Ghettos**

- **Physical Hiding** - **Identity Hiding** -lived within a society but took on a different name and identity in an attempt to hide thier Jewish ancestory -some who hid their identities had varities of expirence and lived amoung various sitiuations. -Nazi looked for Jews to deport-children attempted to hide that fact that they were Jewish(a large responsibility)
 * -The Two Hidings**
 * Location**
 * children were most often not told about the hiding places in advance b.c it was a secret
 * Daily Life**
 * woke up knowing to remain quiet, move slowly(rain or shine), and not allowed to leave the confinement of the hiding place.
 * go months or even years without seeing daylight
 * parents would make children do indoor exercises and stretches to keep thier muscles active
 * couldn't talk, laugh, walk, flush the toilet(dump chamber pots)
 * keep busy- read books(sometimes over and over again), draw, listen to adults talking, play with imaginary friends, etc.
 * Fear**
 * bunkers(hiding places within ghettos) Nazi capture was very great.
 * babies could not be kept from crying-young mothers often had to make a decision
 * Food and Water**
 * children would eat paper, chew on their clothing, etc. when the supplies went low
 * most likely to catch disease or lice that went around
 * Sickness and Death**
 * suffered through many maladies that could have tempered if not controlled by contemporary medicine
 * Arrest and Deportation**
 * children spread the word about their hiding places and it goes around to the Nazis.
 * all children and adults in hiding places were sent to deportation camps.
 * Varied Experiences**
 * stayed with their parents or mothers
 * lived amoung Gentiles with the host not knowing their true identity
 * left alone in covents or amoung families
 * wandered from village to village as a farmhand
 * Children That Could Hide Their Identities**
 * children were choosen to hide with people by the way they act
 * people pick kids that they thought were a least risk to them
 * young children and young girls were most easily placed
 * youth was favored b.c the child's past was short which didnt greatly guide their identity
 * easily adapted to their new homes
 * many young boys that were forced to hide their identities were to dress up as girls
 * they lost their names and background also their gender